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Statute of Rhuddlan
The Statute of Rhuddlan ((ウェールズ語:Statud Rhuddlan), (:ˈr̥ɨðlan), approximately ), also known as the Statutes of Wales ((ラテン語:Statuta Vallie)) or as the Statute of Wales (''Statutum Vallie'' or ''Statutum Valliae''), provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of North Wales from 1284 until 1536. The statute was enacted on 3 March 1284 and promulgated on 19 March at Rhuddlan Castle in North Wales, after careful consideration of the position by Edward I.
==Background==
(詳細はPrince of Gwynedd had been recognised by the English crown as Prince of Wales in 1267, holding his lands with the king of England as his feudal overlord. Thus the English interpreted the title of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Lord of Aberffraw, which was briefly held after his death by his successor Dafydd ap Gruffudd. This meant that when Llywelyn rebelled, the English interpreted it as an act of treason. Accordingly, his lands escheated to the king of England, and Edward I took possession of the Principality of Wales by military conquest from 1282 to 1283. By this means the principality became "united and annexed" to the crown of England.
Following his conquest Edward I erected four new marcher lordships in northeast Wales, Chirk, Bromfield and Yale, Dyffryn Clwyd and Denbigh; and one in South Wales, Cantref Bychan.〔Davies, ''Age of Conquest'', p. 363.〕 He restored the principality of Powys Wenwynwyn to Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn who had suffered at the hands of Llewelyn, and he and his successor Owen de la Pole held it as a marcher lordship. Rhys ap Maredudd of Dryslwyn would have been in a similar position in Cantref Mawr, having adhered to the king during Llewelyn's rebellion, but he forfeited his lands by rebelling in 1287. A few other minor Welsh nobles submitted in time to retain their lands, but became little more than gentry.〔Davies, ''Age of Conquest'', p. 361.〕
The English crown already had a means of governing South Wales in the honours of Carmarthen and Cardigan, which went back to 1240. These became counties under the government of the Justiciar of South Wales (or of West Wales), who was based in Carmarthen. The changes of the period made little difference in the substantial swathe of land from Pembrokeshire through South Wales to the Welsh Borders which was already in the hands of the marcher lords.〔.〕 Nor did they alter the administration of the royal lordships of Montgomery and Builth, which retained their existing institutions.〔Davies, ''Age of Conquest'', pp. 357, 364.〕
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